Counselling and testing

During the early 1980s a test for HIV was developed called the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, or ELISA for short. This test does not search for the hard-to-find HIV, but rather for the antibodies to the virus produced by the body’s immune system. To confirm an ELISA test result, a test called the Western Blot is also employed. The Western Blot also tests for antibodies to HIV in the bloodstream, but this test is more sensitive and thus more accurate than ELISA. ELISA and the Western Blot are currently the most commonly used tests for HIV. The P24 Antigen test (measuring the protein of the virus) and the PCR test (to detect HIV genetic material) can also be used to diagnose HIV, although they are more expensive than ELISA and Western Blot. Rapid tests can also be performed outside of the laboratory, and are very useful in under-developed areas, although a positive rapid test result should always be confirmed with an ELISA test.

Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) is a process whereby an individual undergoes counselling to enable him/her to make an informed decision about being tested for HIV. The VCT strategy in South Africa aims to provide voluntary testing and counselling to twenty-five per cent of the adult population between the ages of 15 and 49 years within three years, with an emphasis on youth and under-developed communities. The goals of VCT are to prevent HIV transmission, to prevent HIV acquisition, to encourage the early uptake of services for the affected, to produce social benefits and to promote adherence in those on treatment.

For more information on the South African VCT strategy contact the National Department of Health on +27 12 312 0121.